Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technology and instrument used to detect and quantify biological molecules, especially proteins, antibodies, antigens, and other biological macromolecules. It is a biochemical analysis method widely used in fields such as biological research, clinical diagnosis, biopharmaceuticals, and environmental monitoring.

The basic principle of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is to detect target molecules by binding enzymes to antibodies or antigens and utilizing their catalytic activity. ELISA typically includes the following key steps:

Adsorption: Adsorbing antigens or antibodies on microporous plates or other fixed surfaces.

Washing: Remove unbound substances.

Detection: Add the sample to be tested, and if the sample contains target molecules, they will bind to fixed antibodies or antigens.

Reaction: Add enzyme labeled secondary antibodies or substrates, which combine with the already bound target molecules to form complexes.

Measurement: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measures the conversion rate of the substrate, which is directly proportional to the concentration of the target molecule. The results are usually output in the form of absorbance or fluorescence signals, which can quantify the concentration of the target molecule.

Enzyme labeling instruments are usually equipped with components such as light sources, optical systems, control systems, sample racks, and computer interfaces to support ELISA experiments. They allow laboratory researchers or clinical laboratory professionals to conduct highly sensitive and selective biomolecular testing, which is crucial for applications such as disease diagnosis, drug screening, protein research, and environmental monitoring.

In summary, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory instrument used for detecting and quantifying biological molecules, which is based on ELISA technology and widely used in various biological and medical research fields. It plays an important role in scientific research and clinical diagnosis.